Amon Göth, the Nazi commandant of the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, decreed that the Jewish prisoners would no longer be allowed to work in the factories in neighbouring Płaszów, including the one operated by Oskar Schindler. Thereafter, Jews were required to remain inside the camp at all times, although non-Jewish Poles could continue to work.

Seweryn Klajnman, an 18-year-old Jewish inmate at the Treblinka extermination camp, led an escape of 13 of his fellow prisoners. The group killed the Ukrainian SS guard, who was overseeing their work detail, with a crowbar. Klajnman then changed into the guard's uniform, and with rifle in hand and shouting orders, marched his group out of the camp's gates as if going to a new assignment.

The ocean liner MS Gripsholm, operated by neutral Sweden to make exchanges of civilians between the Allied Powers and the Axis Powers, departed from Jersey City, New Jersey toward Mormugao in Portuguese India with 1,330 Japanese diplomats and their families residing in the United States on board. By agreement between the U.S. and Japan, the Japanese ship Teia Maru would bring American civilians to Mormugao, where an exchange would take place on October 15.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 310+ aircraft attack on Berlin, Germany. The attack damaged several factories, plus electricity & water supply to the city.

The Italian Campaign: The Allied invasion of the Italian Mainland. British & Canadian forces cross the Messina Strait, from Sicily to the southern tip of Italy. Little resistance after going ashore at Reggio di Calabria from Italian forces.

Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin hosted Sergei Izvekov (the acting patriarch Pimen I of the Russian Orthodox Church), and two other metropolitans, and offered to allow the Church to hold worship services, in return for the Church's acknowledgement of "the legitimacy of the Soviet state", and a refrain from criticism of the government's policies. The assembled clerics agreed, and the announcement of the end of restrictions was made the next day.

The Italian Campaign: British forces capture the Italian ports of Reggio Calabria and San Giovanni di Gerace.

The Pacific Campaign:Australian forces become the first Allied troops to land on New Guinea since the capture of the island by Japanese troops, coming ashore near Lae. With the Australian 7th Division, commanded by Major General George Alan Vasey, arriving soon afterwards, Lae would be captured on September 16.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 600+ aircraft attack on Mannheim/Ludwigshafen, Germany. The attack caused serious damage to Mannheim. Central & southern sides of Ludwigshafen were seriously damaged

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 260+ aircraft attack on Munich, Germany. Bombing results in poor, scattered attacks missing main targets

The Frankford Junction train wreck. 79 people were killed and 116 injured in a crash of an express train on the Pennsylvania Railroad in Philadelphia.

The Eastern Front: German forces retreat from the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union, Heinrich Himmler issued his "scorched earth" (verbrannte Erde) order, to be "not one person remains, no cattle, no wheat, no railroad track ... neither a house nor a mine which would not be destroyed for years ... no well which would not be poisoned.

The Italian Campaign: Italy surrendered to the Allied forces. At 7:30 in the evening local time, radio listeners in Italy were stunned to hear their Prime Minister, Marshal Pietro Badoglio, read the statement that "The Italian Government, recognizing the impossibility of continuing the unequal struggle against the overwhelming power of the enemy, and with the object of avoiding further and more grievous harm to the nation, has requested an armistice from General Eisenhower ... This request has been granted. The Italian forces will, therefore, cease all acts of hostility against the Anglo-American forces wherever they may be met ...". American General Dwight D. Eisenhower released the news of the unconditional surrender, "effective this instant", at the same time in a broadcast from Allied Headquarters in North Africa.

The Italian Campaign: German leader Adolf Hitler delivered a radio address from Berlin to talk about the recent withdrawal of Italy from the war. Saying that "I see the time has come to speak again to the German people," Hitler said that the loss of Italy was not "due to lack of German assistance", but, rather, "failure or ill will of those elements which by systematic sabotage have caused capitulations."

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 260+ aircraft attack on Boulogne, France. Targets were the long-range gun battery over the English Channel. The raid was not successful, the battery appeared not to be damaged.

The Eastern Front: Soviet forces enter the city of Stalino (Donetsk).

Iran declares war on Germany

The Italian Campaign: Operation Avalanche: American & British forces stormed the beaches at the Gulf of Salerno, and encountered heavy resistance from German forces. American General Mark W. Clark, who commanded the U.S. Fifth Army, decided not to precede the amphibious landings with an aerial bombardment of the land on the beaches at the Gulf of Salerno at the expense of high casualties.

The Italian Campaign: Operation Slapstick: British forces capture the Italian port of Taranto.

The Italian Campaign: The Battle of Rhodes began between German and Italian forces for the Greek island of Rhodes.

The "Solf Circle", a gathering of more than 75 Berlin citizens who were opposed to the Nazi German government, was betrayed after Elisabeth von Thadden invited a new member to their group, Dr. Paul Reckzeh. Dr. Reckzeh was a Swiss native and a physician at the Charité Hospital but was an undercover agent for the Gestapo as well. Convincing the group that he was secretly opposed to the Nazis, Dr Reckzeh offered to smuggle letters from the group to contacts in neutral Switzerland. Afterwards, he took the incriminating evidence to the Gestapo, and members of the Solf Circle were arrested on January 12; all but two of them would be executed, including Mrs. von Thadden. Hannah Solf, who had organized the group, would survive, albeit in a concentration camp.

The Italian Campaign: German forces captured Rome, Naples and the rest of northern Italy. Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio and King Victor Emanuel III were able to flee through German lines and escape to Allied-controlled territory and relocate the Kingdom's government to the city of Brindisi.

The Italian Campaign: German forces capture the Italian Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral, territories on the northern Adriatic coast that were previously under Italian control

The Italian Campaign: Vatican City closed the doors of the St. Peter's Basilica and blocked the gate of Sant'Anna, the main entrance to the independent nation from Rome, after giving sanctuary to Italians fleeing the Nazi occupation.

The Italian Campaign: German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring declared that all Italian territory was under German military control, an act that former dictator Benito Mussolini would later describe as reducing Italy to the status of a German "colony". Adolf Hitler ordered that the occupied Italian territory be divided into three zones, with the area around Rome extending south toward the front lines against the Allies, the Alpine mountain region ("Alpenvorland") and the coast along the Adriatic Sea ("Adriatische Kusterland"). Hitler also issued orders to deal with any Italian military units that had gone over to fight for the Allies, with all officers to be executed, and soldiers and non-coms to be deported to Germany as labourers.

First ceremony of its type since the Russian Revolution, a new leader of the Russian Orthodox Church was invested, with Patriarch Sergius being sworn in at Moscow's Yelokovsky Cathedral.

The Italian Campaign: Raid on Gran Sasso: German SS forces rescued Benito Mussolini, the recently deposed Italian dictator, who had been imprisoned at the Campo Imperiale Hotel, located in the Abruzzi Mountains. Shortly after 2:00 p.m., eight gliders landed silently at the resort, bringing a team of German commandos. They were followed by 70 paratroopers, who secured the grounds while Skorzeny's team overpowered the Italian Army prison guards, who surrendered without a fight. Twenty minutes after the attack began, a German Fiesler Storch plane departed Gran Sasso with Mussolini and Skorzeny on board.

German emissary to Vatican City delivered Hitler's assurances to the Vatican that its sovereignty as an independent nation would be protected, and that its area within Rome would be exempt from attack.

The Italian Campaign: German forces capture the whole of the Greek island of Rhodes from Italian forces

The first group of Japanese-American citizens was removed from the Tule Lake Relocation Center in California, to be dispersed among other United States internment camps. Over 17 days, there were 6,250 Issei (immigrants to the U.S.) and Nisei (American natives) who were shipped out, after being deemed to be loyal citizens who still needed to be incarcerated. The camp was converted to a maximum security facility for those remaining Japanese-Americans deemed to be a threat.

Former Italian leader Benito Mussolini is flown to the Wolf's Lair for a meeting with Hitler, who informed him that a new Fascist government needed to be set up to administer Italy.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Minor night-time British air raid, 8 aircraft attack on the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Ladbergen, Germany. The raid was carried out by RAF 617 Squadron 'Dambusters' to bust the canal banks. Unsuccessful as there was fog over the target.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Minor night-time British air raid, 8 aircraft attack on the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Ladbergen, Germany. The raid was carried out by RAF 617 Squadron 'Dambusters' to bust the canal banks. Unsuccessful as there was fog over the target. 5 of the attacking aircraft were lost. A huge hit to this elite squadron.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 370+ aircraft attack on Montlucon, France. The target was the Dunlop rubber factory in the town. The Pathfinder lead attack was hugely successful every building in the factory was hit and a large fire was started.

The Pacific Campaign:Australian forces capture Lae, New Guinea.

The Eastern Front: Soviet forces recaptured the Black Sea port city of Novorossisk.

German forces began the first deportation of Jews from Italy, starting with the evacuation of Merano, for eventual relocation to Auschwitz.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Minor night-time British air raid, 12 aircraft attack on the Antheor Viaduct, nr Cannes, France. The raid was carried out by RAF 617 Squadron 'Dambusters' to bring down the viaduct. No direct hits scored

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 340+ aircraft attack on Modane, France. Targets was the main railway route between France & Italy. Results poor & unsuccessful

The Italian Campaign: Germany carried out "Plan Asche", evacuating 25,800 German soldiers from the Italian island of Sardinia to the German-occupied French island of Corsica.

Mass deportations began of French Jews in Paris, with 1,150 being shipped in railroad freight cars to the Buchenwald concentration camp.

The liquidation of Belarusian Jews in the Minsk ghetto took place with 2,000 being placed on freight cars to the Sobibor extermination camp.

The Markham and Ramu Valley – Finisterre Range campaign opened in New Guinea with the beginning of the Battle of Kaiapit.

The Italian Campaign: German occupation forces with representatives of the German Reichsbank arrived at the headquarters of the Banca d'Italia, Italy's central bank, and ordered that 119 tons, nearly all of Italy's gold reserves, be placed in German custody in Milan.

The mass German deportation purging of Belgium's Jewish population began, as a transport train departed for the Auschwitz concentration camp with about 1,000 prisoners. Five more such operations would take place in 1943, and four in 1944.

Japan's Prime Minister Hideki Tojo declared a "time of emergency" in a government radio broadcast, and other reports were made urging the evacuation of Tokyo, with plans for the evacuation of the government there.

Governor of German-occupied Belarus, Wilhelm Kube is assassinated at his office in Minsk, by his maid, a woman who had secretly been a member of the Russian partisans. The maid, Elena Mazanik, had planted a time bomb in Kube's bedroom; she would be honoured later as a Hero of the Soviet Union.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 710+ aircraft attack on Hannover, Germany. Poor results as strong winds caused markers to drift wide of the target

The Pacific Campaign:Australian & American forces began the Huon Peninsula campaign in New Guinea with the Landing at Scarlet Beach and the beginning of the Battle of Finschhafen.

The Italian Social Republic, with its capital at Venice, was founded in northern Italy. Former Italian premier Benito Mussolini was the Head of State. The office of Mussolini, and most of the government ministries, were located in the resort town of Salò.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 620+ aircraft attack on Mannheim, Germany. Successful raid north part of the city destroyed

German forces began with the liquidation of the Jewish ghetto in the Lithuanian capital, Vilnius, with the removal of 5,000 people, mostly women, children, and elderly people, who were sent to the Majdanek concentration camp.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Repairs are finished on the Möhne river dam, which had been heavily damaged in a British bombing raid on 16 May 1943

The Eastern Front: Soviet forces recapture the city of Boryspil.

The German Armed Forces command issued a public decree for the removal from service of anyone classified as a "Mischling of the First Degree", a person who had two Jewish, or otherwise non-Aryan, grandparents. Mixed marriages (between Jews and Gentiles) had already been barred by the Nuremberg Laws of 1933.

The Eastern Front: Soviet forces recapture the city of Smolensk.

German SS Major Herbert Kappler, assigned to German-occupied Rome, delivered a 36-hour ultimatum to the city's Jewish community, requiring payment of fifty kilograms (110 pounds) of gold, as well as 100 million Italian lire, to SS headquarters, to avoid the mass arrest and deportation of Rome's Jews to concentration camps. Israel Zolli, the Chief Rabbi of Rome, appealed to the offices of Pope Pius XII for assistance. The Pope ordered the Vatican City treasury to deliver the remaining gold on Sunday; "probably, the Church officials melted down their religious vessels to deliver the ransom", a historian would write later.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 670+ aircraft attack on Hannover, Germany. Poor results scatted bombing across the target

The Italian Campaign: British forces enter Foggia and occupy the surrounding airfields unopposed. The capture of the airbase put the Allies within range of the Balkans, southern Germany and Poland.

German diplomat in Nazi-occupied Denmark Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz, secretly warned leaders of the Danish resistance of an order from Berlin for the arrest and deportation of the Kingdom's Jewish citizens, to begin on October 1. Over the next two weeks, Danish residents helped most of the nation's 8,000 Jews elude capture; Denmark's fishermen used their boats to ferry 7,200 people to neutral Sweden.

European duchy of Luxembourg was declared Judenrein ("cleansed of Jews") by German occupation forces, with the deportation of the last of the nation's 674 remaining Jewish citizens.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Heavy night-time British air raid, 670+ aircraft attack on Bochum, Germany. Good results, Heavy damage on the target

The Eastern Front: Soviet forces recapture the city of Kremenchuk.

The 292 Jewish inmates of the Syrets concentration camp, located in the Ukrainian SSR, rose against their German captors as their work assignment was drawing to a close. For six weeks, the prisoners had been directed to destroy the evidence of the massacre at Babi Yar, when the Germans murdered nearly 34,000 people over two days, on September 29 and 30, 1941. The group had laboured at excavating and burning the bodies of the victims, then grinding and scattering the cremains. As it became clear that they, too, would be executed when the work was finished, the inmates, led by Vladimir Davydov, staged a mass race to the prison walls at dawn. The German guards, who delayed firing their machine guns until they realized what was happening, killed 280 of 292, but Davydov and eleven other men were able to escape, and would later reveal what had happened.

Allied Bomber Offensive: Repairs are finished on the Edersee Dam, which had been heavily damaged in a British bombing raid on the 16th May 1943